Why do some vaccines protect against adjectives isotopes of a virus, and others merely protect against one?
Answers:
Some Vaccines use attenuated virus, those that can't cause disease, some use the toxin the virus releases- it's outer membrane, and others vaccines use an exact replica of the virus but at a low dose. The attenuated virus vaccine may Target the mode of nouns the virus uses, and all similar virus that use that path, one would be immune to. The Toxin one, doesn`t matter what virus that has equal outer membrane structure, it would work for, but the low dose one- it would only protect against that specific virus. There are heaps more reasons why, it adjectives depends on which way the vaccine uses to allow your body to certificate and store your B antibodies to defend against the virus within the future.
depends on whether the vaccine is against the core, the protein coat, the RNA (RNA or DNA) or multivalent. Because many virus share antigenic determinants, its possible to have a vaccine against several isotypes.
Viruses are obligate intracellular fleas and therefore own to enters cell to survive. The main aim of a vaccine is to produce antibodies that prevent the virus from entering a cell. These are call neutralizing antibodies. The instrument to do this is to block specific sites of the virus known as glycoproteins that interacts beside cellular receptors and this prevents viral entry. In a live vaccine with a adjectives virus, antibodies are produced against the glycoproteins and other parts of the viurs such as its core but the main ones are those agains the glycoproteins.
However, lots viruses enjoy alot of serotypes, or different surface glycoproteins. For example the cold virus (rhinovirus) has 100 or more serotypes. There fore it is impossible to produce a vaccine for adjectives the serotypes. The influenza virus has several strains. The two main glycoproteins are H (haemagglutinin) and N(neuramindase) There are 16H protein types and 9 N proteins. So the virus have differnt combinations of this such as H1N6, H1N5. When this virus infects a cell, it can exchange genes for the H and N and produce a different combination that is more pathogenic. Therefore it is ridiculous to produce a vaccine for all the strain.
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