Dilutional hyponatremia?
Answers: It depends on the degree of hyponatremia. It doesn't thing *how* (e.g. hypervolemic hyponatremia, redistributive hyponatremia, etc.) If your serum sodium is lower than 120 mmol/L, you can develop cerebral edema (your brain can swell). It's not basically the value though (unless serum Na+ is < 110 mmol/L), chronic hyponatremia is treated *much* differently than acute dilutional hyponatremia. Look up "Central Pontine Myelinolysis" and "hyponatremia. Long-term neurological symptoms range from mild (e.g. lethargy and confusion) to quadriplegia and loss can occur if Na+ level are improperly corrected or vanished alone.
Probably not, though it isn't very resourcefully studied. There are some occasional permanent neurologic change that have some sort of association, but what that association is have turned out to be somewhat controversial. The numbers are too small to be at all clear nearly it.
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